Step by Step to install PostgreSQL 15 with a custom data directory and enable checksums on CentOS 7

Step by Step to install PostgreSQL  with a custom data directory and enable checksums on CentOS 7

1) Download PostgreSQL Repository RPM

#For RHEL 7/CentOS 7

sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

#For RHEL 8/CentOS 8
sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

#For RHEL 9

sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-9-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

List Repos: sudo yum -y repolist

2) Update your system & Add the EPEL repository which has dependencies required by PostgreSQL 15.

#For RHEL 7/CentOS 7
sudo yum -y update
sudo yum -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

#For RHEL 8/CentOS 8
sudo yum -y update
sudo yum -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm

#For RHEL 9
sudo yum -y update
sudo yum -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm

3) Install PosgreSQL on CentOS 7/RHEL 8

sudo yum install -y postgresql15-server

4) Update the service file, Initialize the Postgres with a custom Data directory and enable checksums

mkdir -p /data1/postgres
sudo chown postgres:postgres /data1/postgres

sed -i "s|Environment=PGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/15/data|Environment=PGDATA=/data1/postgres|" /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-15.service 

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

PGSETUP_INITDB_OPTIONS="-k -D /data1/postgres" /usr/pgsql-15/bin/postgresql-15-setup initdb

-k Use checksums on data pages to help detect corruption by the I/O system that would otherwise be silent. Enabling checksums may incur a noticeable performance penalty. If set, checksums are calculated for all objects, in all databases. All checksum failures will be reported in the pg_stat_database view. When enabled, each data page includes a checksum that is updated when the page is written and verified each time the page is read. Only data pages are protected by checksums.

    
    Check Checksums: /usr/pgsql-15/bin/pg_checksums -D /data1/postgres

#To initialize Postgres without a custom directory & without enabling checksums

sudo /usr/pgsql-15/bin/postgresql-15-setup initdb -k

5) Start the Database

sudo systemctl start postgresql-15

6) Optional step: To start Postges automatically every time when the server got rebooted

sudo systemctl enable postgresql-15

Sample commands:

psql (hit enter)
psql> \l+
psql> \du
psql> create database test;
psql> \c test
psql> create table test as select * from pg_database;
psql> \q

Demo:

To Remove Postgres from Server:

List Postgres RPMs:            yum list |grep -i postgresql|grep @

Remove Postgres RPMs:     yum remove postgresql* (Caution: Please don't execute the remove command unless you really want to destroy (or) decommission Postgres on the server

Observations:

Error1: All matches were filtered out by modular filtering for argument: postgresql15-server

workaround1: dnf module disable postgresql

Error2:Errors during downloading metadata for repository 'rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms':

-Curl error (6): Couldn't resolve host name for https://cdn.redhat.com/content/dist/rhel8/8/x86_64/appstream/os/repodata/repomd.xml [Could not resolve host: cdn.redhat.com]

workaround2:

subscription-manager repos --disable fast-datapath-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms

subscription-manager repos --enable fast-datapath-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms

Error3: Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=stock error was

14: curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; Unknown error"

Workaround3: vi /etc/resolv.conf (add nameserver 9.9.9.9)

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